Biology Regents Practice Exam

What can result from a mutation in the genetic material of an organism?

1. Increased efficiency in metabolic activities.

2. Reduction of genetic diversity in populations.

3. Development of novel traits and characteristics.

4. Enhanced ability to adapt to environmental changes.

The correct answer is: Development of novel traits and characteristics.

A mutation in the genetic material of an organism can lead to the development of novel traits and characteristics. Mutations, which are changes in the DNA sequence, can affect how genes are expressed or how proteins are made, potentially leading to new physical traits or behaviors. This can result in variations among individuals in a population, some of which may have advantages in certain environments. Certain mutations might enhance an organism's ability to survive or reproduce, allowing these traits to be passed on to future generations, thereby contributing to the process of evolution. These novel traits can be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental, influencing the organism's fitness in its environment. In contrast, increased efficiency in metabolic activities and enhanced ability to adapt to environmental changes are often more complex outcomes that may depend on multiple factors beyond just a single mutation. Similarly, while mutations can increase genetic diversity overall, they do not inherently reduce it; rather, they contribute to it by introducing new variations.