Biology Regents Practice Exam

What type of relationship exists between the clams and bacteria discovered under the Antarctic ice shelf?

1. Mutualism

2. Parasitism

3. Commensalism

4. Predation

The correct answer is: Mutualism

The relationship between clams and the bacteria discovered under the Antarctic ice shelf is classified as mutualism because both organisms benefit from their interaction. In this type of symbiotic relationship, the clams provide a habitat and nutrients that the bacteria utilize for growth and energy. In return, the bacteria can offer the clams essential nutrients or help with processes such as digestion, enhancing the clams’ ability to thrive in their environment. This interdependence illustrates the mutual benefits gained, characteristic of mutualism. This contrasts with other relationships, where one organism might benefit at the expense of the other or without significant gain for both parties.